ADAPTASI KEBIASAAN BARU DAN MASALAH PSIKOSOSIAL AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA SISWI ANGGOTA PMR SMAN 1 SUMBERPUCUNG MALANG
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) tidak hanya berdampak pada kondisi fisik seseorang, tetapi juga menimbulkan dampak secara psikologis. Angka kejadian COVID-19 masih terus meningkat dan diiringi dengan angka kesembuhan yang juga semakin meningkat, kondisi tersebut tidak menjamin masyarakat terbebas dari dampak psikologis akibat COVID-19. Masalah psikososial seperti kecemasan, depresi, dan post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) masih banyak dialami oleh masyarakat. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran penerapan adaptasi kebiasaan baru dan perubahan masalah psikososial akibat pandemi COVID-19. Studi ini menggunakan metode descriptive case study yang melibatkan enam responden yang diukur masalah psikososial, diberikan dukungan kesehatan jiwa psikososial terkait COVID-19, dan diukur penerapan adaptasi kebiasaan barunya. Pengukuran masalah psikososial menggunakan instrumen Self-Reporting Questionnaire dan penerapan adaptasi kebiasaan baru dihitung kenaikan rata-rata perilaku, dan keduanya diukur sebelum diberikan dukungan kesehatan jiwa psikososial COVID-19, hari ke-7, dan hari ke-14 setelah diberikan dukungan kesehasatan jiwa psikososial. Hasil diperoleh bahwa terjadi peningkatan rata-rata perilaku sehat adaptasi kebiasaan baru (92,38% - 97,02%) yang meliputi peningkatan imunitas fisik, peningkatan imunitas jiwa, pencegahan penularan COVID-19 secara fisik, pencegahan masalah kesehatan jiwa terkair COVID-19 pada individu, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Hasil juga diperoleh terjadi perubahan masalah psikososial pada tiga responden yang sebelumnya mengalami gangguan mental emosional (50%) dan PTSD (50%) menjadi sehat (100%) baik secara fisik dan psikososial. Penerapan adaptasi kebiasaan baru yang terintegrasi dengan kegiatan sehari-hari sangat penting agar terhidar dari penularan COVID-19 dan masalah kesehatan jiwa psikososial akibat COVID-19. Perilaku baru tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi budaya perilaku sehat dalam beradaptasi dengan perubahan-perubahan akibat COVID-19.
Kata Kunci: Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru, Masalah Psikososial, Pandemi COVID-19, Perilaku Sehat
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) not only affects a person's physical condition, but also has a psychological impact. The incidence of COVID-19 is still increasing and accompanied by an increasing cure rate, this condition does not guarantee that people are free from the psychological impact of COVID-19. Psychosocial problems such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are still experienced by many people. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of the application of adaptation to new habits and changes in psychosocial problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a descriptive case study method involving six respondents who were measured for psychosocial problems, provided psychosocial mental health support related to COVID-19, and measured the application of their new habit adaptations. Measurement of psychosocial problems using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire instrument and the application of new habit adaptations calculated the average increase in behavior, and both were measured before being provided with COVID-19 psychosocial mental health support, day 7 and day 14 after being given psychosocial mental health support . The results showed that there was an increase in the average healthy behavior adaptation to new habits (92.38% - 97.02%) which includes increased physical immunity, increased mental immunity, prevention of physical transmission of COVID-19, prevention of mental health problems related to COVID-19. in individuals, families, and communities. The results also showed that there was a change in psychosocial problems in three respondents who previously experienced mental emotional disorders (50%) and PTSD (50%) to be healthy (100%) both physically and psychosocial. The application of adaptation to new habits that are integrated with daily activities is very important to avoid transmission of COVID-19 and psychosocial mental health problems due to COVID-19. This new behavior is expected to become a culture of healthy behavior in adapting to changes caused by COVID-19.
Keywords: Adaptation to New Habits,COVID-19 Pandemic, Healthy Behavior, Psychosocial Problems
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Bao, W. (2020). COVID ‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 113–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191
Brooks, S., Amlôt, R., Rubin, G. J., & Greenberg, N. (2020). Psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth in disaster-exposed organisations: Overview of the literature. BMJ Military Health, 166(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000876
Dirjen Pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit Kemenkes RI. (2021). Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Gao, Y., Yan, L., Huang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Cao, L., Wang, T., Sun, Q., Ming, Z., Zhang, L., Ge, J., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, Y., Zhu, C., Hu, T., Hua, T., Zhang, B., … Rao, Z. (2020). Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus. Science, 368(6492), 779–782. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7498
Giusti, E. M., Pedroli, E., D’Aniello, G. E., Stramba Badiale, C., Pietrabissa, G., Manna, C., Stramba Badiale, M., Riva, G., Castelnuovo, G., & Molinari, E. (2020). The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1684. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684
Hidayati, L., Keliat, B., & Wardani, I. (2019). Combination of Thought Stopping Therapy and Progressive Muscle Relaxation to Reduce Anxiety. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Health Science and Nursing (IcoSIHSN 2019). Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Health Science and Nursing (IcoSIHSN 2019), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosihsn-19.2019.45
Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Keliat, B. A., Marliana, T., Windarwati, H. D., Mubin, M. F., Sodikin, M. A., Kristaningsih, T., Prawiro, A., Trihadi, D., & Lahargo, K. (2020). Mental Health And Psychosocial Support Covid-19: Keperawatan Jiwa (2nd ed.). Universitas Indonesia.
Kunzler, A. M., Röthke, N., Günthner, L., Stoffers-Winterling, J., Tüscher, O., Coenen, M., Rehfuess, E., Schwarzer, G., Binder, H., Schmucker, C., Meerpohl, J. J., & Lieb, K. (2021). Mental burden and its risk and protective factors during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00670-y
Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
Pramono, C. (2019). Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Otot Progresif Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Hemodialisis di RSUD Wonosari. 11.
Psychosocial Centre. (2020). Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Staff, Volunteers and Communities in an Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus. http://www.pscentre.org/
Saswati, N. (2021). Demonstrasi Terapi Hipnotis Lima Jari pada Klien Diabetes Melitus. 4, 7.
Setyaningrum, W., & Yanuarita, H. A. (2020). Pengaruh Covid-19 Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Masyarakat Di Kota Malang. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan, 4(4), 7.
Siagian, T. H. (2020). Mencari Kelompok erisiko Tinggi Terinfeksi Virus Corona dengan Discourse Network Analysis. 9.
Taylor, S. E., Peplau, L. A., & Sears, .. (2018). Psikologi Sosial Edisi Kedua Belas (12th ed.). Prenadamedia Group.
The Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA). (2020). The Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA). https://toronto.cmha.ca
Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18. (2014). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kesehatan Jiwa.
Van Bortel, T., Basnayake, A., Wurie, F., Jambai, M., Koroma, A. S., Muana, A. T., Hann, K., Eaton, J., Martin, S., & Nellums, L. B. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(3), 210–214. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.158543
WHO. (2016). Strategizing national health in the 21st century: A handbook. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/strategizing-national-health-in-the-21st-century-a-handbook
WHO. (2017). Mental Health ATLAS 2017. https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/mental_health_atlas_2017/en/
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Situation Report. https://covid19.who.int/
Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
Yadav, R. (2021). Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 10(1), 2644–2652. https://doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i1.1019
Zhang, Z., Feng, Y., Song, R., Yang, D., & Duan, X. (2021). Prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and related psychopathological symptoms among patients with COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00694-4
Zhou, F., Wang, R.-R., Huang, H.-P., Du, C.-L., Wu, C.-M., Qian, X.-M., Li, W.-L., Wang, J.-L., Jiang, L.-Y., Jiang, H.-J., Yu, W.-J., & Cheng, K.-B. (2021). A randomized trial in the investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(2), 2167–2174. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-212